Glaser Health Products of Ranier Falls, Georgia, is organized functionally into three divisions: Operations, Sales, and Administrative. Purchasing, receiving, materials and production control, manufacturing, factory personnel, inventory stores, and shipping activities are under the control of the vice-president for operations, George Gottlieb. Advertising, market research, and sales are the responsibility of the vice- president for sales, Jake Bogan. Accounting, budgeting, the firm's computer center, and general office management are delegated to the corporate controller (Administrative), Charlie Kaplan. The following cost categories are found in the company as a whole:

1. Glaser Health Products is interested in using activity-based costing to identify as many costs as possible with the products. These costs will be used for planning and control decisions rather than for inventory valuation. The controller decided that all operation costs will be related to products but only those sales and administrative costs that are classified as unit-level, batch-level, or product-level costs.should be related to products. Using preliminary stage cost drivers, explain how individual items of costs will be traced to activity groupings.

2. Using primary stage cost drivers, show how the costs should be related to products.

3. Explain why it is necessary to use preliminary stage and primary stage cost drivers.