Give a real or hypothetical example of competition having an evolutionary impact on two or more interacting species.

How have human activities affected the dispersal of other species in the past 100 years? Identify an example.

Using a graph of the Lotka-Volterra competition model for two species, show how the outcome of competition between two species can depend on differences between the carrying capacities of two habitats.

Describe an organism that experiences scramble competition and an organism that experiences contest competition. Explain each example.

Describe and explain the three types of functional responses.

Provide an example of a constitutive defense and an example of an induced prey defense. Explain each.

Explain the null model concept in terms of species presence and abundance in communities. Why is this concept useful?

Explain in detail the theory of island biogeography. How is an equilibrium defined? Is it restricted to islands?