From California to New York, legislative bodies across the United States are considering eliminating or reducing the surcharges that banks impose on noncustomers, who make $14 million in withdrawals from other banks’ ATM machines. On average, noncustomers earn a wage of $20 per hour and pay ATM fees of $3.25 per transaction. It is estimated that banks would be willing to maintain services for 5 million transactions at $1.25 per transaction, while noncustomers would attempt to conduct 22 million transactions at that price. Estimates suggest that, for every 1 million gap between the desired and available transactions, a typical consumer will have to spend an extra minute traveling to another machine to withdraw cash