Suppose the government imposes an excise tax of $1 for every gallon of gas sold. Before the tax, the price of a gallon of gas is $2. Consider the following four after-tax scenarios. In each case, (i) use an elasticity concept to explain what must be true for this scenario to arise; (ii) determine who bears relatively more of the burden of the tax, producers or consumers; and (iii) illustrate your answer with a diagram.

a.) The price of gasoline paid by consumers rises to $3 per gallon. Assume that the demand curve is downward sloping.

b.) The price paid by consumers remains at $2 per gallon after the tax is imposed. Assume that the supply curve is upward sloping.

c.) The price of gasoline paid by consumers rises to $2.75.