Case 16-59 OVERHEAD ASSIGNMENT: ACTUAL AND NORMAL ACTIVITY COMPARED
Reynolds Printing Company specializes in wedding announcements. Reynolds uses an actual job-order costing system. An actual overhead rate is calculated at the end of each month using actual direct labor hours and overhead for the month. Once the actual cost of a job is determined, the customer is billed at actual cost plus 50 percent.
During April, Mrs. Lucky, a good friend of owner Jane Reynolds, ordered three sets of wedding announcements to be delivered May 10, June 10, and July 10, respectively. Reynolds scheduled production for each order on May 7, June 7, and July 7, respectively. The orders were assigned job numbers 115, 116, and 117, respectively.
Reynolds assured Mrs. Lucky that she would attend each of her daughters' wed- dings. Out of sympathy and friendship, she also offered a lower price. Instead of cost plus 50 percent, she gave her a special price of cost plus 25 percent. Additionally, she agreed to wait until the final wedding to bill for the three jobs.
On August 15, Reynolds asked her accountant to bring her the completed job- order cost sheets for Jobs 115, 116, and 117. She also gave instructions to lower the price as had been agreed upon. The cost sheets revealed the following information:
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Job 115
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Job 116
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Job 117
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Cost of direct materials
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$250.00
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$250.00
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$250.00
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Cost of direct labor (5 hours)
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25.00
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25.00
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25.00
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Cost of overhead
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200.00
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400.00
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400.00
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Total cost
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$475.00
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$675.00
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$675.00
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Total price
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$593.75
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$843.75
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$843.75
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Number of announcements
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500
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500
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500
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Reynolds could not understand why the overhead costs assigned to Jobs 116 and 117 were so much higher than those for Job 115. She asked for an overhead cost summary sheet for the months of May, June, and July, which showed that actual overhead costs were $20,000 each month. She also discovered that direct labor hours worked on all jobs were 500 hours in May and 250 hours each in June and July.
Required:
1. How do you think Mrs. Lucky will feel when she receives the bill for the three sets of wedding announcements?
2. Explain how the overhead costs were assigned to each job.
3. Assume that Reynolds's average activity is 500 hours per month and that the com- pany usually experiences overhead costs of $240,000 each year. Can you recom- mend a better way to assign overhead costs to jobs? Recompute the cost of each job and its price given your method of overhead cost assignment. Which method do you think is best? Why?