Penguin Corporation, a C corporation, has two equal shareholders, Bob and Leo. Penguin earned $100,000 net profit during its first year of operations and paid a dividend of $50,000 to each shareholder. Before considering the dividend, Bob is in the 10% marginal tax bracket and Leo is in the 28% marginal tax bracket. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a. $100,000 will be subject to double taxation.

b. Penguin could have avoided paying corporate tax if, instead of paying a dividend, it had paid Bob and Leo a salary of $50,000 each (assuming a $50,000 salary for each is reasonable).

c. A preferential tax rate will apply to the dividend income of both Bob and Leo.

d. If Penguin had paid Bob and Leo a salary of $50,000 each, Bob would have paid less Federal income tax on his salary than Leo would have paid on his salary.

e. None of the above.