After reading this week's materials, please respond to Two of the following questions.

1. Describe the functions of hubs/repeaters, bridges, switches, routers, and gateways. At what layers of the OSI model does each device operate?
2. Describe the following types of network attacks: denial of service (and DDoS), malformed packet attacks, flooding,  sniffing, Ransomware, DNS hijacking, and drive-by download. Give an example of a DoS or DDoS attack and describe how it overwhelms a target system.
3. Depending on their needs and budget, companies can choose from a variety of perimeter security options. Discuss the differences between packet-filtering, stateful inspection, proxy, dynamic packet filtering, kernel proxy, and next generation firewalls and how they provide security filtering to protect the perimeter.