Add the missing part (premise or conclusion) to make the following arguments valid. But don’t make them circular; make the conclusion follow from both premises but not just from one premise by itself. Use a Venn diagram.

1. Every citizen with voting privileges is eighteen years old. So no minors are citizens with voting privileges.

2. Some deciduous trees do not lose their leaves in the winter, and no needle-leaved tree is deciduous. So

3. No country in Europe was unaffected by World War I. So some major world powers were not countries in Europe.

4. All advances in WWI had been preceded by artillery barrages, and every attack preceded by an artillery barrage was slowed by rough terrain. So

5. There are mammals that lay eggs since some egg layers are warm blooded.