1. The relationship between the les developed-countries (LDC's) and the developed countries (DC's) in the evolution of international trade has always been a bit strained. Discuss this relationship, including policies adopted and/or advocated by each group to "help" the LDC's. How successful have these policies and/or advice been?

2. What is meant by an ‘effective' rate of tariff and give an example of how this works. Given that expansion of multinational companies has been rapid in the last half century, discuss the impact(s) that this has made on effective tariff rates and therefore, trade. How could a tariff on an "intermediate" good be self-defeating?

3. Given the problems facing any further liberalization of trade at the global (WTO) level, ‘regional' partnerships -often just bilateral- have become increasingly popular, especially since they are allowed within WTO rules. Explain the standard economic methodology typically applied to evaluate gains and losses from such a partnership. Go on and discuss the evolution of the world's most developed customs union, the EU, including the specific arguments for creating the single currency (the euro), and problems which have and/or potentially could arise.