1)managers use management by exception for control purposes. describe the concept of management by exception. explane how standard costs help managers apply this concept to monitor and control costs.

2)batpro makes metal baseball bats. each bat requires 1kg of aluminum at 20 per kg.and 0.50 direct labor hours at 16 per hour. overhead is assigned at the rate of 40 per lablor hour.what amounts would appear on a standard cost card for batpro.