1. How do we work the categorical operation called obversion?

By changing the claims from being in the same class to being outside the class

By limiting the scope of terms used to those within a class

By changing a claim from positive to negative, or vice versa

By changing one claim to referring outside of a class but leaving the other one inside the class

By making an argument invalid in form

2. What is the purpose of studying a sample?

To establish logical connections among a group of people

To observe new and previously unseen factors in a population of people

To reduce a study to a manageable size For reasons of economy of both effort and cost

To generalize your findings from a sample to the whole set from which the sample is taken

3. In studying a sample, what is meant by the term sampling frame?

A precise definition of the population and the attribute in which one is interested

The diversity of the whole population that is being studied

Some part of the population intentionally left out of the target population

Some biasing factor excluded from the target population

The size of the sample itself