1. For each of the following, write out the null and alternative hypotheses, and indicate whether it is a one-tail or two-tail hypothesis test

a) Do Canadian children whose parents are librarians do better than Canadian children in general on reading ability?

b) Is the level of income for residents of a particular city different from the level of income for people in the region?

c) Do people who have experienced an earthquake have more or less confidence than the general population?

d) Based on anthropological reports in which the status of women is scored on a 10-point scale, the mean and standard deviation across many cultures are known. A new culture is found in which there is an unusual family arrangement . The status of women is also rated in this culture. Do cultures with the unusual family arrangement provide higher status to women than cultures in general?