1. Explain why a stable 5% inflation rate can be preferable to one that averages 4% but varies between 1–7% regularly.

2. Explain the difference between active and passive monetary policy.

3. Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium, with real GDP at $16 trillion and the unemployment rate at 5%. Now assume that the central bank unexpectedly decreases the money supply by 6%. a. Illustrate the short run effects on the macro-economy by using the aggregate supply-aggregate demand model. Be sure to indicate the direction of change in Real GDP, the Price Level and the Unemployment Rate. Label all curves and axis for full credit.

4. Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium, with real GDP at $16 trillion and the unemployment rate at 5%. Now assume that the central bank increases the money supply by 6%. a. Illustrate the short-run effects on the macro-economy by using the aggregate supply-aggregate demand model. Be sure to indicate the direction of change in Real GDP, the Price Level, and the Unemployment Rate. Label all curves and axis for full credit.