1. Tuttle Corporation (a C corporation) projects that it will have taxable income for the year of $300,000 before incurring any interest expense. Assume Tuttle's tax rate is 35 percent.

a. What is the amount of the combined corporate and shareholder level tax on the $300,000 of pre-interest expense earnings if Ruth, Tuttle's sole shareholder, lends Tuttle Corporation $100,000 at the beginning of the year, Tuttle pays Ruth $10,000 of interest on the loan (interest is considered to be reasonable), and Tuttle distributes all of its after-tax earnings to Ruth? Assume her ordinary marginal rate is 33 percent and dividend tax rate is 15 percent.

b. Assume the same facts as in part a except that the IRS determines that the fair market value of the interest should be $8,000. What is the amount of the combined corporate and shareholder level tax on Tuttle Corporation's pre-interest expense earnings?

2. On January 1, 2013, Credit Inc. recorded goodwill valued at $270,000 when it acquired the assets of another company. At the end of 2014, the auditors of Credit Inc. determined that the goodwill had been impaired by $50,000 and Credit Inc. wrote down the book value of the goodwill by $50,000. During 2015, the goodwill was not further impaired. In 2016, additional goodwill was impaired and was written down another $18,000 for financial reporting purposes. What is the temporary book-tax difference associated with the purchased goodwill in 2014, 2015, and 2016? Are the differences favorable or unfavorable? Are the differences permanent or temporary?