1. _____ is especially important to lower-level managers who interact daily with the employees operating the organization.

a) Transforming

b) Directing

c) Decision making

d) Conceptual skill

e) Strategizing

2. Determining whether an organization has fulfilled a certain objective is most closely associated with which of the following management functions?

a) Directing

b) Organizing

c) Planning

d) Controlling

e) Staffing

3. _____ is the structuring of resources and activities to accomplish objectives in an efficient and effective manner.

a) Controlling

b) Tactical planning

c) Organizing

d) Supervising

e) Contingency planning

4. Many firms downsize by _____ production, sales, and technical positions.

a) increasing

b) decentralizing

c) centralizing

d) outsourcing

e) transforming