Select the BEST answer from the choices below.

A is True, B is False.

1. T/F. Overexploitation of species by man began at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution when fossil fuel production was first utilized as a source of energy.

2. How long ago was the Pleistocene time period?

a. 13 billion years ago

b. 93 million years ago

c. Over 3 billion years ago

d. 100,000 years ago

e. 11,000 years ago

3. T/F. Caribou predated Mammoths in the fossil record and as such they did not live together at the same time as, which provides an explanation as to why Mammoths are now extinct and caribou are still living today.

4. Who were primarily responsible for the extinction of hundreds of species of mammals and island birds like the Dodo and the Moa?

a. Aborigines

b. Polynesians

c. Europeans

d. Pacific Rim inhabitants

e. None of these

5. What is bush meat?

a. Animal meat from tropical regions of Africa

b. Meat from monkeys and primates

c. Ocean catch

d. Hooved animals such as deer

e. None of these

6. T/F. In addition to overexploitation, what other key factor do scientists think was involved in extinction of island species?

7. T/F. All birds can fly.

8. T/F. Both large retail chain and small independent pet stores contribute to Commercial Exploitation.

9. T/F. Captive breeding takes pressure away from wild populations in the pet industry.

10. T/F. Exploitation is more common in the tropics than in anywhere else in the world.

11. T/F. The pet industry contributes to species going extinct by selling captive-bred rather than wild-caught animals.

12. T/F. Overexploitation is primarily an animal problem; plants fortunately escape "owners" and "collectors".

13. Which type of commercial trade puts the MOST pressure on wild populations?

a. Reptiles

b. Mammals (fur)

c. Mammals (cats and dogs)

d. Primates

e. Birds

14. T/F. Subsistence overexploitation and commercial exploitation have the same effect on wild populations; as organisms are consumed they become endangered and eventually go extinct.

15. Which of the following is an example of incidental exploitation?

a. Consumption of bush meat

b. Hunting the moa to extinction

c. Dolphin dead in a tuna net

d. Wooly mammoths going extinct

e. Millions of sardines in one net haul

16. T/F. Scientists estimate feral cats are responsible for the deaths of over 1 billionbirds globally per year.

17. T/F. Commerical exploitation leads to population crashes in the wild that put species in danger of extinction.

18. T/F. Bird predation by cats is an example of _______________ exploitation.

a. Commercial

b. Accidental

c. Incidental

d. Indirect

e. None of these

19. T/F. Large lobsters have no natural predators in the Gulf of Maine, and reflect the top of the arthropod food chain in its ocean floor habitat.

20. How have rats invaded all parts of the World?

a. Natural Rafting

b. Pet trade

c. Shipping industry

d. Their semi- aquatic nature

e. None of these

21. T/F. One way conservation biologists have successfully managed invasive exotics is to focus on the biology of the organism by introducing its natural predator to the invading population.

22. T/F. One animal cannot make an entire species go extinct; numerous invasive individuals over a long period are required for a species' demise because of such large population sizes.

23. Where is Lake Victoria?

a. Asia

b. Africa

c. North America

d. South America

e. None of these

24. T/F. When another species invades a new area, it is able to adapt and become a part of the food web of that area.

25. T/F. Successful species invasions are much more common than invaders unable to survive in a new habitat.

26. Why is Vietnam so important in Conservation Biology?

a. It's coastal position relative to the South China sea, which harbors many endangered marine species.

b. Many impressive new species, including large species like antelope and deer, are being discovered in Vietnamese forests.

c. Much of the world's bird populations live in Vietnam.

d. a. and b.

e. all of the above.

27. Which of the following protects wild populations BEST?

a. National Monument

b. Wilderness Area

c. Species Management Area

d. Protected landscape

e. All protect wild populations equally

28. In Missouri, which protects wild populations BEST?

a. State park

b. Conservation Area

c. Natural Area

d. Mark Twain National Forest

e. National Wildlife Refuge

29. Which of the following federal agencies is not charged with the managing of federally owned lands?

a. Department of Agriculture

b. Department of Interior

c. Bureau of Land Management

d. U.S. Forest Service

e. Department of Commerce

30. The purpose of the National Wildlife Refuge System is to:

a. preserve lands and waters for the conservation of wildlife.

b. preserve historically significant buildings.

c. maintain quality drinking water for urban areas.

d. raise money to protect wilderness areas of the United States.

e. More than one of these statements are correct

31. What prompted the 88th Congress to implement the Wilderness Act of 1964?

a. The need to preserve areas of land for future timber harvest

b. Concern that human population expansion could drastically reduce the amount of land remaining in pristine condition

c. Lobbying by individuals such as John Muir

d. The need to make more land accessible to citizens for recreational purposes

e. A decrease in land prices, facilitating purchases of large areas by the Federal Government

32. Where are most hotspots located globally?

a. Western hemisphere

b. Temperate regions

c. Deserts

d. Southern hemisphere

e. Tropics

33. Where are most protected areas located globally?

a. Oceans

b. mountains

c. cold climates

d. a., b., and c.

e. b. and c.

34. Which is better for management of species' populations, one large reserve, or several small reserves?

a. Large

b. Small

c. Both Large and Small

d. Neither is appropriate because reserves by definition are a fraction of the original range of the species.

35. Natural disturbances, area visitors, and animal overpopulation are all factors influencing _____________.

a. Choosing areas of conservation

b. Choosing areas of preservation

c. Reserve management

d. Reserve design

e. All of the above

36. Black robins ___________.

a. Are now extinct

b. Are an invasive species in the U.S.

c. Live on two small on islands in New Zealand and are critically endangered

d. Are a conservation biology success story in invasive species management

e. None of these

37. T/F. Management strategies such as adding additional water holes in times of drought helps species in need of water in dry areas, aiding all species in the ecosystem as a result.

38. Which of the following can help cacti survive extreme temperatures?

a. Birds

b. Grasses

c. Small mammals

d. Trees

e. Rocks

39. T/F. Removal of ivory from elephants and the horns from rhinos by conservation biologists has been successful to assist in the illegal harvesting of these animals.

40. T/F. Conservation biologists have found that translocations work as a management strategy and are now the gold standard in saving endangered and threatened species from extinction.

41. Which of the following economic activities contributes to species loss?

a. tree harvesting

b. pet trade

c. food consumption

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

42. T/F. "Ecosystem services" come from both domesticated and wild populations of organisms.

43. Which of the following is NOT an ecosystem service?

a. soil formation

b. fishing

c. nitrogen fixation

d. pollination

e. All of these are ecosystem services

44. T/F. Waste disposal is not an ecosystem service, and so must be handled at the municipal level by waste disposal agencies and landfill use.

45. Which of the following organisms possess "existence value"?

a. honey bee

b. largemouth bass

c. cow

d. gorilla

e. All of the above