PURPOSE

Short Answer Questions

1. You are required to access your federal, state or territory and local health skin penetration guidelines/regulations and provide a brief definition of the meaning of skin penetration.

2. Please list four (4) important salon policies and procedures that you need to comply with when performing facial treatments:

3. Explain legal and insurance liabilities and responsibilities regarding facial treatments.

4. Please give one (1) example of when you should refer a client to a complimentary therapist or medical practitioner and why.

5. Why is it important as a beauty therapist to not state a diagnosis of a contra-indication or condition?

6. Name five (5) ways you can conserve product, water and power in a beauty salon:

7. List three (3) factors that are likely to affect suitability of a treatment for a client:

8. Describe the processes of each of the following stages in wound healing and give a brief description next to each:
a) Inflammation
b) Proliferative
c) Remodelling
d) Explain hypertrophic and keloid scars and include their origin and evolution

9. Scenario:
You are required to view the four (4) types of skin below and answer the following questions for each using correct anatomy and physiology terminology:

a) Lucy, Age 65
Conduct a visual skin analysis and write a brief description on what you find.
Please address the following if applicable in your diagnosis:
• Lipid levels
• Pigmentation
• Skin hydration
• Degree of photo ageing
• Contra-indications
• Scar tissue if relevant
• Trans-epidermal water loss
• Acne or comedones
If the client has a contra-indication, who will you refer them to and why?
What treatment and lifestyle changes would you suggest to Lucy to help with her skin?
What type of facial would you recommend to Lucy and why?

How often would you recommend Lucy come in for professional facial treatment? Please list the type of facial,
the price and the timeframe of the treatment.
What professional skincare would you recommend to Lucy? Please list two (2) products and describe how the
ingredients and product will benefit the skin.
What basic nutritional advice would you
give to help improve the skin?

b) Rachel, Age 26

Conduct a visual skin analysis and write a brief description on what you find.
Please address the following if applicable in your diagnosis:
• Lipid levels
• Pigmentation
• Skin hydration
• Degree of photo ageing
• Contra-indications
• Scar tissue if relevant
• Trans-epidermal water loss
• Acne or comedones
If the client has a contra-indication, who will you refer them to and why?

What treatment and lifestyle changes would you suggest to Rachel to help with her skin?
What type of facial would you recommend to Rachel and why?
How often would you recommend Rachel come in for professional facial treatments? Please list the type of facial, the price and the timeframe of
the treatment.
What professional skincare would you recommend to Rachel? Please list two
(2) products and describe how the
ingredients and product will benefit the skin.
What basic nutritional advice would you
give to help improve the skin?

c) Amy, Age 18

Conduct a visual skin analysis and write a brief description on what you find. Please address the following if applicable in your diagnosis:
• Lipid levels
• Pigmentation
• Skin hydration
• Degree of photo ageing
• Contra-indications
• Scar tissue if relevant
• Trans-epidermal water loss
• Acne or comedones
If the client has a contra-indication, who will you refer them to and why?
What treatment and lifestyle changes would you suggest to Rachel to help with her skin?
What type of facial and homecare would you recommend to Amy and why?
How often would you recommend Amy come in for professional facial treatments? Please list the type of facial, the price and the timeframe of the treatment.
What professional skincare would you
recommend to Amy? Please list two (2) products and describe how the ingredients and product will benefit the skin.

What basic nutritional advice would you give to help improve the skin?

d) Anita, Age 39

Conduct a visual skin analysis and write a brief description on what you find. Please address the following if applicable in your diagnosis:
• Lipid levels
• Pigmentation
• Skin hydration
• Degree of photo ageing
• Contra-indications
• Scar tissue if relevant
• Trans-epidermal water loss
• Acne or comedones
If the client has a contra-indication, who will you refer them to and why?
What treatment and lifestyle changes would you suggest to Anita to help with her skin?
What type of facial would you recommend to Anita and why?

How often would you recommend Anita come in for professional facial treatments? Please list the type of facial, the price and the timeframe of the treatment.
What professional skincare would you recommend to Anita? Please list two (2) products and describe how the ingredients and product will benefit the skin
What basic nutritional advice would you give to
help improve the skin?

10. Please give five (5) examples of a contra-indication that will prevent a facial treatment and require clearance from a medical practitioner to proceed:

11. Please give five (5) examples of contra-indications that may restrict treatment and appropriate modifications to treatment:

12. You are required to give a brief description of each of the following in relation to ageing:

Three phases of ageing:
Theories about ageing

Genetic or biological clock theory

Free radical theory

Immunological theory of ageing

13. You are required to give a brief description of:
• Cell division (mitosis)
• Stages of mitosis
• Cell differentiation

Cell division (Mitosis)
Stages of mitosis:

Cell differentiation

14. Please give a brief description of what trans epidermal water loss is.

15. Please explain the function, formation and behaviour of the following skin chemicals:

Skin chemical
Complex fatty acids
Collagen
Elastin
Keratin
Complex lipids,

phospholipids and sphingolipids
GAG's
(Glycosaminoglycans)
Lipids

Saponifiable and non- saponifiable
Soluble proteins
Insoluble proteins

16. In the course of a beauty therapist's career, there may be times when clients are unaware they have a skin disorder, allergy to ingredients and/or disease. It is important that you are able to recognise and have satisfactory knowledge of common disorders and diseases to make correct recommendations and take the most appropriate course of action.
In the event that a client presents with one of the conditions listed in the table below, please indicate with a tick if:
a) You would not proceed with their facial
b) You would require clearance from a medical professional
c) You would proceed with the treatment however adjust and make appropriate modifications to the facial treatment

17. Please match the correct Fitzpatrick skin type to the skin description:

18. Please give a brief description next to each of the following ways the body regulates temperature/thermoregulation to help with homeostasis in the body.

Convection
Conduction
Radiation
Evaporation

19. Explain the effects and benefits of each stage of a facial on the structure of the skin:

Cleansing
Exfoliation
Extractions
Mask
Massage
Steaming

20. Explain the different formulations/ingredients that make up exfoliants, face masks and peels and list one possible contra-indication to each:

Type of product
Exfoliants
Face masks
Chemical face peels

21. Explain the differences between therapeutic, cosmetic and "cosmeceutical" products

Therapeutic
Cosmetic
Cosmeceutical

22. Explain what is the function or action of the following cosmetic ingredients:

Liposomes
Oils
Surfactants
Thickeners
Waxes
Antioxidants
Emollients
Humectants
Moisturisers
Occuldents

23. List four (4) pieces of information that you can access by looking at a client's treatment plan:

24. List two (2) reasons why it is important to modify, update and gain consent when it comes to a client's treatment plan:

25. Please give three (3) examples of why you should check the readiness of a treatment area prior to a treatment:

26. Please write a brief description of the benefits of each of the following:

A Cleansing the skin at the beginning of a facial treatment

B Benefits of steaming with a hot towel compared to a facial steamer

C Benefits of exfoliation with a manual exfoliating product compared to the brush machine?

D Benefit of extracting milia and comedones

E Why do you monitor a client's sensory perception (reaction) during a treatment?

F What's the importance of providing post treatment recovery time

G Benefit of evaluating the facial treatment with the client

H Benefit of facial mask application

I Benefits of facial massage

J Benefits of applying serums and moisturisers

K Benefits of managing the clients expectations

L Benefits of providing a skin analysis

M Discussing adverse effects with the client

N Assessing the effectiveness of the clients current skincare regimen and products used

O Cleaning the treatment area after a treatment

27. What are the benefits of providing a facial treatment to the following areas? Please give one
(1) benefit for each area:

Back of neck

Face

Décolletage

Neck

shoulders

28. Please give a brief description of each of the following massage movements:

Effleurage

Petrissage

Tapotement

Vibration

29. Please view the lifestyle factors provided below and list the benefits of the lifestyle changes to the skin.

Lifestyle factor

Alcohol consumption

Climate/vitamin D production

Exercise routine

Hobbies

Nutrition

Sleeping patterns

Tobacco consumption

Type of employment

30. Please list the correct system to the correct interdependence/function:

Nervous system, Circulatory system, Lymphatic system, Integumentary system, Endocrine system, Reproductive system, Digestive system, Muscular system, Respiratory system,
Urinary system, Skeletal system

31. You are required to write the action of each of the following, face, throat and chest, muscles:

Muscle
Frontalis
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Triangularis
Orbicularis oculi
Risorius
Procerus
Levator anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris
Mentalis
Corrugator supercilii
Zygomaticus minor
Zygomaticus major
Buccinators
Levator labii superioris
Orbicularis oris

Please give a brief description of each tissue below and the role in the skin:

Connective -

Nervous -
Vascular -

33. A) You are required to give a brief description of each layer of the skin: Epidermis (including the five layers), dermis (including the two layers) and subcutaneous (hypodermis).

Where does sebum come from?
The location of eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands and the difference between each
What happens to the skin when normal body flora is disturbed?
Briefly explain the process of nerve conduction.
Give two (2) examples of nerves detect sensation and stimuli on the skin.
Why does a Fitzpatrick skin type I burn easier than a skin type V?
Describe what the skin's normal response to trauma is

34. Please list two (2) examples of changes in the skin due to hormones:

35. Why is it important to have good numeracy skills when calculating cosmetic ingredient quantities and ratios?

36. Please list five (5) types of foods that may have an effect on the skin or are contra-indicated when using specific products: