1.  Define and discuss the various forms of direct and indirect non-tariff barriers to trade.

2.  Discuss the GATT dispute settlement procedures under the 1994 agreement and how they differ from the procedures under the 1947 agreement.'

3.  What is the WTO and describe its organizational structure.

4.  What is the current trading status of Russia with the U.S.?  Has Russia received permanent NTR status?  What are the political issues affecting the granting of permanent NTR status?  Which countries of the world do not have normal trade relations with the U.S.? (you will need to look outside the text for this)

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1.  Explain the substantial transformation test and the tariff shift rule and discuss how they differ from each other.  (see Chapter 12 pp 388-394)

2.  Discuss production sharing:  how does it work, what are the benefits, and what are the negative results.

3.  What is a rule of origin?  (see Chapter 12 pp 388-394).  Why is it important to the operation of a free trade area?1.  Define and discuss the four different levels of Economic Integration.

2.  What is the difference between a UN directive, a UN regulation, and a UN recommendation?

3.  Describe the organizational structure of the European Union.  Be sure to include a discussion about the inter-relation between the commission, council, court system, and parliament.