1.All powers not specifically delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states.

A) True

B) False

2. When there is a direct conflict between a federal and a state law, the state law is rendered invalid.

A) True

B) False

3. Preemption is a doctrine under which a state law takes precedence over a conflicting federal law.

A) True

B) False

4. Some constitutional protections apply to business entities.

A) True

B) False

5. A law that discriminates based on gender must substantially relate to an important government objective to be valid.

A) True

B) False

6. A crime can be committed only against persons.

A) True

B) False

7. Corporations, unlike persons, cannot be liable for crimes.

A) True

B) False

8. A suspect cannot be tried twice in the same court for the same crime.

A) True

B) False

9. Under the exclusionary rule, illegally obtained evidence must be included in any criminal prosecution.

A) True

B) False

10. Tami’s Tasty Tacos, a fast food outfit, files a suit against the state of Utah, claiming that a Utah state law violates the commerce clause. The court will agree if the statute imposes a substantial burden on

A) a local government.

B) interstate commerce.

C) noneconomic activity.

D) the state.

11. The police obtain a search warrant and search Ike’s apartment. After yelling obscenities at the officers, Ike confesses to a crime and impli¬cates his friends. The Constitution protects against

A) obscene speech only.

B) others’ implication only.

C) unreasonable searches only.

D) obscene speech, others’ implication, and unreasonable searches.

12. The Tourists & Travelers Association wants the federal government to spend money to build a new highway. Congress can spend revenues

A) only to carry out its enumerated powers.

B) to promote any objective that it deems worthwhile.

C) as long as the funds are spent uniformly among the states.

D) without regard to whether the expense violates the Constitution.

13. Melanie engages in speech that harms others’ good reputations on her blog at no.lie.com. The First Amendment gives such speech

A) less protection than obscene speech.

B) more protection than symbolic speech.

C) no protection.

D) the same protection as any noncommercial speech.

14. Oklahoma enacts a law requiring all businesses in the state to donate 10 per¬cent of their profits to Protestant churches that provide certain services to persons whose income is below the poverty level. PriceLess Stores files a suit to block the law’s enforcement. The court would likely hold that this law violates

A) no clause in the U.S. Constitution.

B) the establishment clause.

C) the free exercise clause.

D) the supremacy clause.

15. A Massachusetts state statute imposes a prison term, without a trial, on all street performers who operate in certain areas. A court would likely review this statute under the principles of

A) the commerce clause.

B) the equal protection clause.

C) the due process clause.

D) the First Amendment.

16. Domino causes a disturbance at El Nino Cafe. He is arrested and charged with disorderly conduct, a misdemeanor. A misdemeanor is a crime punishable by

A) a fine only.

B) imprisonment up to one year.

C) imprisonment up to six months.

D) imprisonment up to ten days.

17. Biff wrongfully takes an unopened carton from a Cold Storage Warehouse loading dock, puts the carton in his car, and drives away. This is

A) robbery.

B) forgery.

C) larceny.

D) no crime.

18. On the orders of their corporate employer, Della and Efron, employees of Fabulous Fashionista, a clothing store, switch trademarks on clothing that comes into the store to be sold to consumers. This is

A) forgery.

B) larceny.

C) obtaining goods by false pretenses.

D) no crime.

19. Via e-mail, Vern makes repeated credible threats to Ursula that put her in reasonable fear for her safety. This is

A) cyber stalking.

B) identity theft.

C) cyberterrorism.

D) no crime.

20. Mary, who is charged with a crime, claims that Nick, a government agent, entrapped her. For entrapment to be a valid defense

A) Mary must not have been predisposed to commit the crime.

B) Nick must have pressured Mary into committing the crime.

C) Nick must have suggested that the crime be committed.

D) all of the choices.